Breast Cancer :: Health, Diseases

Breast Cancer as the most common cancer in Iranian women affects women at least one decade younger than their counterparts in developed countries. The highest frequency of malignancies has been observed in the 40-49 age groups [1]. It is commonly accepted that estrogen and its receptor have an important role in the pathogenesis of breast malignancies. Breast tumors are classified based on ER status to ER negative and ER positive tumors. About 40% of breast tumors are ER negative [2]. ER negative tumors in comparison to ER positive tumors tend to have worse prognosis and less likely to respond to endocrine therapy. This type of tumor is more prevalent in younger patients. Triple negative breast tumors (without ERÃŽ ± and PR expression and Her2 amplification) are the most clinically aggressive ones. Considering to the challenging nature of ERÃŽ ± negative tumors treatment, and their innate poor prognosis, clarification of the molecular mechanisms that control expression of ERÃŽ ± is essential. This knowledge may enable us to modify the situation as such to restore sensitivity to endocrine therapies which provide us with opportunities for new therapeutic options for ERÃŽ ±-breast tumors [3]. Despite many studies on the mechanisms of negativity of ER in breast tumors, many details still need to be clarified [4],[5].The loss of ERÃŽ ± expression in breast cancer may result from different underlying causes such as structural changes within the gene or transcriptional silencing [6]. Abnormalities such as point mutations, deletions, loss of heterozygosity or polymorphisms within the gene have not shown to be frequent enough to explain ER negativity phenotype[6] [7]. In breast tumors such as other types of cancer, epigenetic alterations are common and are related to gene expression modification[8]. It has been shown that tumor suppressor genes promoter methylation gives growth advantages to malignant cells[9]. Because of the potential reversible nature of epigenetic gene silencing, epigenetic mechanisms have been under intense investigations in recent years [4, 6, 10, 11]. Regarding to evidences which have been resulted from several in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo (animal models) studies, it has been shown that the inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes can reactivate ERÃŽ ± expression in ERÃŽ ± negative cells and restore response to endocrine therapy [12, 13]. These promising landscape encouraged researchers to focus on the relationship between ERÃŽ ±- phenotype and promoter methylation. However, heterogeneity of the cellular population in breast tumors and differences in

Outline the Inequality Problems That Persist in Terms of Pay for Men and Women.

Wikipedia The Equal Pay Act 1970 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which prohibits any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. It was passed by Parliament in the aftermath of the 1968 Ford sewing machinists strike[1][2][3][4] and came into force on 29 December 1975. The term pay is interpreted in a broad sense to include, on top of wages, things like holidays, pension rights, company perks and some kinds of bonuses. The legislation has been amended on a number of recent occasions to incorporate a simplified approach under European Union law that is common to all member states. Equal pay for women is an issue regarding pay inequality between men and women. It is often introduced into domestic politics in many first world countries as an economic problem that needs governmental intervention via regulation. The Equal Remuneration Convention requires its over 160 states parties to have equal pay for men and women. A report commissioned by the International Trade Union Confederation in 2008 shows that, based on their survey of 63 countries, there is a significant gender pay gap of 15. 6 %. Excluding Bahrain, where a positive gap of 40% is shown (due possibly to very low female participation in paid employment), the global figure is 16. 5%. Women who are engaged in work in the informal economy have not been included in these figures. Overall, throughout the world, the figures for the gender pay gap range from 13% to 23%. The report found that women are often educated equally high as men, or to a higher level but â€Å"higher education of women does not necessarily lead to a smaller pay gap, however, in some cases the gap actually increases with the level of education obtained†. The report also argues that this global gender pay gap is not due to lack of training or expertise on the part of women since â€Å"the pay gap in the European Union member states increases with age, years of service and education†. [4][5] www. employeebenefits. co. uk/item/11642/pg_dtl_art†¦ /pg_ftr_art †¢Under the Equality Act 2010, employers can no longer use secrecy clauses to prevent employees from discussing pay rates. †¢According to figures from the Office of National Statistics, the median gender pay gap for full-time workers in the private sector is 20. %. †¢Employers can identify any pay gap via pay audits and job evaluations. †¢Issues making it difficult for women to get to top jobs should be tackled. Yahoo answers; assume you employ 7 women and 7 men, all the same age, and you pay them all the same wage for the same job.. then 3 of the women tell you that they want to leave, to have a child.. you have to pay them â€Å"maternity leave† and hold their job open, in case they want to return, after they have had their child.. t costs you a fortune to employ 3 other people, and the pregnant women as well.. so, do you pay them the same as a man.. who will not cost you the same even if their wife gets pregnant.. or do you pay the men more, because they will not leave.. or do you just employ men, and then you do not have the problem in the first place !! http://www. tuc. org. uk/equality/tuc-14435-f0. pdf Explaining the gender pay gap There have been a number of studies that have used statistical modelling techniques to explain why we have a gender pay gap. A comparatively recent and very thorough study, using data from the British Household Panel Survey (a large up-to-date survey, that that looks at how people’s lives change over time) explained the gap in terms of four explanations:35 †¢ 36 percent of the gender pay gap could be explained by gender differences in lifetime working patterns, including the fact that women, on average, spend less of their careers than men in full-time jobs, more in part-time jobs and have more interruptions to their careers for childcare and other family responsibilities. 18 percent is caused by labour market rigidities, including gender segregation and the fact that women are more likely work for small firms and less likely to work in unionised firms. †¢ 38 percent is caused by direct discrimination and women and men’s different career preferences and motives (some of which are in turn the result of discrimination). †¢ 8 percent is the result of the fact that older women had poorer educational attainment. Another way of explaining the gaps is to analyse the problem in terms of three broad themes: †¢ Under-valuing of women’s work †¢ An employment penalty for mothers Gender segregation http://assembly. coe. int/documents/workingdocs/doc05/edoc10484. htm C. The wage gap 17. There are several dimensions to the problem of the wage gap: First, there is the classic case of a man and a woman doing exactly the same job (whether in a factory or on the stock market floor), but the woman being paid less for it. This used to be a common problem, especially in Western Europe, and many countries have outlawed this type of wage discrimination – there even exists an ILO Convention designed to eliminate it21, dating back to 1951, as well as a 1975 European Council Directive22. But, as several recent studies conclude, even this type of classic wage discrimination persists in many countries, which prompted the European Commission to issue a (non-binding) â€Å"Code of Practice on the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value of women and men† as recently as 199623. For example, a Eurostat study of 2003 showed that the average earnings of women in full-time employment in the EU (at that time, of 15 member states) stood at only 70-90% of those of men. Similarly, the 2004 UNIFEM study I mentioned in the previous chapter shows that the annual average earnings of women in the year 2000 stood at 73. 28% of men’s in the Czech Republic, 79. 96% in Poland, 75. 01% in Slovakia and 88. 82% in Slovenia24. 18. Second, women are often paid less than men for work of equal value. This type of discrimination is usually based on â€Å"horizontal occupational segregation by sex†. For example, the level of education and experience required to work in a certain job might be the same, but women are paid less (e. . chauffeurs/taxi drivers are usually paid more than cleaners or receptionists). In some countries, wage levels have gone down in certain professions when more and more women enter them (for example, doctors and teachers in Central and Eastern Europe). 2002 data cited by Mrs Leitao relating to the average salary of women working full time compared with that of men in the same circumstances show that, in the 18 countries covered by a recent European survey, the average difference, to women's disadvantage, is till approximately 20%, with wage discrimination in the strict sense being estimated at 15%25. Various other international studies have shown that around one-third of the female-male pay differential is due to occupational segregation by sex, and that about 10 to 30% of the gender pay gap remains â€Å"unexplained† – i. e. due to discrimination26. 19. In the Central and Eastern European countries, certain professions have â€Å"gained† the connotation of being feminized as these professions (the above mentioned teachers, nurses etc. are dominated by women. Nevertheless, even these professions are highly segregated – although women account for more than 70% of all teachers, there is proportionally a larger number of men school directors. This is very often the result of a â€Å"reverse action†, when the need for more men in the profession is felt, and thus their pay-ris e and promotion is faster. When we compare it to the situation in politics, where there are more men than women, the society does not feel any similar need. 20. Third, women earn less, on average, than men in their lifetime (and thus also receive smaller pensions when they retire). In addition to the two factors mentioned above, there are several other possible explanations for this phenomenon: Women work less during their lifetime (calculating periods of maternity leave and part-time work) – and women have less of a career, as they are often discriminated against when it comes to promotions to higher-earning posts27: this is usually called â€Å"vertical occupational segregation by sex†. As the ILO points out: â€Å"Women’s lower educational attainments and intermittent career paths are not, contrary to conventional belief, the main reason for gender differentials in pay. Other factors, such as occupational segregation, biased pay structures and job classification systems, and decentralized or weak collective bargaining, appear to be more important determinants of inequalities in pay. †28 21. Apart from women’s lower pensions, it is important to see the tight interrelation of female length of life and feminization of poverty: since women live longer, for some period of their life, they share their pension with their partner; however, when he dies, they are left to live on their pension which is usually much lower than their living standards. One example connected to women’s pensions is pension insurance – as women live longer and although they generally earn less, to attain a final sum similar to men they are expected to pay higher sums for their monthly pension insurance. 2. Furthermore, economic recessions often affect women more than men as far as unemployment is concerned (many companies unfortunately still believe that it is more important to keep a male â€Å"breadwinner† in employment), and women’s needs or the determination to keep on working therefore leads them to accept levels of pay not consonant with the principles of equali ty and fairness or dissuades them from reporting cases of discrimination for fear of losing their jobs. This is why, as Mrs Leitao correctly pointed out, all those involved in combating wage discrimination (bodies promoting equality, labour inspectorates, courts, trade unions, NGOs etc) should step up their capacity to intervene to try and close the wage gap. 23. This issue can be illustrated with an example common to all European countries: when textile companies, which employ mostly women earning very low salaries, were threatened with closure, no major discussions were held about unemployment issues. But as soon as coal and other mines, where male â€Å"breadwinners† worked, were being closed down, those discussions were launched widely. There are a number of barriers to women’s career development – here are a few examples32: – lack of management or line experience; – lack of mentoring and role models for women at the highest levels; – exclusion from informal networks and channels of communication (the â€Å"old boys network† is apparently still going strong in many countries); – stereotyping and preconceptions of women’s roles and abilities, commitment and leadership style; – sexual and moral harassment, bullying and mobbing; – unfriendly corporate culture.

The Business Process Reengineering ( Bpr ) - 2059 Words

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) can be defined as the optimization of end to end processes, and transform the manual tasks to automation through analysis the data and restructure of workflows between and within the organizations or enterprises. The BPR comprises improvement in critical areas such business functions, service, quality and time response via in-depth use of Information Technology. In Business Process Improvement (BPI), the process of an organization is improved by identifying the specific operations skills or a group of employees’ skills in order to have more efficient workflows, as well as overall business growth. The Business Process Reengineering (BPR) strategy becomes more radical, lengthy, difficult and vast for many organizations. The BPI strategy is less radical, less lengthy, less disruptive and more incremental approach. The process is also known as functional process improvement. Taco Bell is a Fast Food company in USA, had difficulty to s urvive on severe competition in the market. While expanding their business, they were facing problem to increase and retain customer’s relationship and satisfaction. The company had several major issues such as - lack of Business Vision, more focus on Process than Customer, dependency on fixed management and operational practices, traditional approaches on customer service and more investment on kitchen infrastructure. So the company reengineered their business processes by reorganizingShow MoreRelatedThe Business Process Reengineering ( Bpr ) Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pages1. Abstract: Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a method, helps to observe and analyze the business process to determine the changes within or outside the enterprises to streamline the operations of the business. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is software platform that helps the organization to determine how to utilize the available resources. This paper highlights the BPR process and its importance in the implementation of ERP and also gives the phases of BPR process to the micro levelRead MoreBusiness Process Reengineering ( Bpr ) Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management strategy for the business, a leader in origin in the early 1990s, with an emphasis on analysis and design workflow and business processes within the organization. BPR, which aims to help organizations fundamentally rethink how to do their job in order to improve customer service significantly, reduce operational costs and become competitive on a global level. Financial institutions and banks are constantly called upon to provide customerRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Business Process Reengineering (Bpr) on Organization Performance of Manufacturing Industries in Nairobi’s Industrial Area7971 Words   |  32 PagesAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING (BPR) ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NAIROBI’S INDUSTRIAL AREA Spencer Oluoch Okach 045593 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO FACULTY OF COMMERCE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (MARKETING OPTION) OF STRATHMORE UNIVERSITY IN APRIL 2010 DECLARATION STUDENT DECLARATION: This research project report is my own original work and has not been presented for a degreeRead MoreBusiness Process Reengineering Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Business process reengineering has widely become a significant trend in enterprise organizations seeking to innovate and massage business processes. 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The case analyzes the â€Å"topics related to financial management, accounting, procurement, sales, marketing, contracts, manufacturing, distribution, logistics, the supply chain, strategic planning, tactica l planning, operations management, organizational structures and behavior, personnel administrationRead MoreBusiness Process Redesign or Reengineering1009 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Process Redesign or Reengineering Business Process Redesign (BPR) or Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed (Hammer and Champy, Reengineering). Since the BPR idea has surfaced it has been under constant ridicule by the popular press. They say it takes far too long, creates management headaches, fails 70% of theRead MoreEssay on Business Process Redesign Or Reengineering977 Words   |  4 Pages Business Process Redesign or Reengineering nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Business Process Redesign (BPR) or Reengineering is quot;the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speedquot; (Hammer and Champy, Reengineering). Since the BPR idea has surfaced it has been under constant ridicule by the popular press. They say it takes far too long, creates

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet

Writers spend years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet, novelist Richard Price once observed. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. Its also a good enough reason to gather a few facts about one of the most significant inventions in human history. The Origin of the Word Alphabet The English word alphabet comes to us, by way of Latin, from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. These Greek words were in turn derived from the original Semitic names for the symbols: Aleph (ox) and beth (house). Where the English Alphabet Came From The original set of 30 signs, known as the Semitic alphabet, was used in ancient Phoenicia beginning around 1600 BCE. Most scholars believe that this alphabet, which consisted of signs for consonants only, is the ultimate ancestor of virtually all later alphabets. (The one significant exception appears to be Koreas han-gul script, created in the 15th century.) Around 1,000 BCE, the Greeks adopted a shorter version of the Semitic alphabet, reassigning certain symbols to represent vowel sounds, and eventually, the Romans developed their own version of the Greek (or Ionic) alphabet. Its generally accepted that the Roman alphabet reached England by way of the Irish sometime during the early period of Old English (5 c.- 12 c.). Over the past millennium, the English alphabet has lost a few special letters and drawn fresh distinctions between others. But otherwise, our modern English alphabet remains quite similar to the version of the Roman alphabet that we inherited from the Irish. The Number of Languages That Use the Roman Alphabet About 100 languages rely on the Roman alphabet. Used by roughly two billion people, its the worlds most popular script. As David Sacks notes in Letter Perfect (2004), There are variations of the Roman alphabet: For example, English employs 26 letters; Finnish, 21; Croatian, 30. But at the core are the 23 letters of ancient Rome. (The Romans lacked J, V, and W.) How Many Sounds There Are in English There are more than 40 distinct sounds (or phonemes) in English. Because we have just 26 letters to represent those sounds, most letters stand for more than one sound. The consonant c, for example, is pronounced differently in the three words cook, city, and (combined with h) chop. What Are​ Majuscules and Minuscules Majuscules (from Latin majusculus, rather large) are capital letters. Minuscules (from Latin minusculus, rather small) are lower-case letters. The combination of majuscules and minuscules in a single system (the so-called dual alphabet) first appeared in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. Pangrams Pangrams are a sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet. The best-known example is The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A more efficient pangram is Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Lipograms Lipograms are text that deliberately excludes a particular letter of the alphabet. The best-known example in English is Ernest Vincent Wrights novel Gadsby: Champion of Youth (1939) — a story of more than 50,000 words in which the letter e never appears. Zee Versus Zed The older pronunciation of zed was inherited from Old French. The American zee, a dialect form heard in England during the 17th century (perhaps by analogy with bee, dee, etc.), was approved by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). The letter z, by the way, has not always been relegated to the end of the alphabet. In the Greek alphabet, it came in at a quite respectable number seven. According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), The Romans adopted Z later than the rest of the alphabet, since /z/ was not a native Latin sound, adding it at the end of their list of letters and using it rarely. The Irish and English simply imitated the Roman convention of placing z last.

Reflection Of The Exodus - 866 Words

Exodus, the second book of the Bible, demonstrates many aspects of God’s character. Written by Moses, the book contains two genres: narrative history and laws. The book opens with Moses’s background, his confrontation with Pharaoh, the ten plagues, and the Israelite’s exit from slavery. It closes with God’s commandments, laws, and instructions for his people. Throughout the book, God’s infinite power over everything, including Pharaoh, is displayed. â€Å"Pharaoh and his best minds are by no means presented as inept or lacking in power. Quite the contrary, they are formidable, a force to be reckoned with. But when they come up against Yahweh, they are outdone.† God’s faithfulness, might, sovereignty, mercy, and vast knowledge are clearly†¦show more content†¦Hail, locust, and complete, utter darkness afflicted the Egyptians by God’s mighty hand. God showed his boundless dominance and mastery over all of creation through the ten plagues. God is fully omniscient. He not only knew that Moses would need Aaron’s help and that Pharaoh would need the plagues to change his mind, he also knew that Pharaoh would try to pursue the Israelites after they were freed. He told his people to camp in a certain place where the Egyptians would come for them. As the Egyptians approached, God split the Red Sea and his people walked through safely. Knowing that the former slave owners would desperately follow, God closed the sea onto their chariots and destroyed all of them. Through his knowledge, God saved his people and gained their trust by showing his power, â€Å"Israel saw the great power that the LORD used against the Egyptians, so the people feared the LORD, and they believed in the LORD and in his servant Moses.† (The Holy Bible: English Standard Version, Ex. 14:31) In times of anger, God is merciful. While speaking to Moses on a mountain, the Israelites constructed an idol in the form of a golden calf. Previously, God had commanded them to never worship any idols. Seeing the disobedience of his children, God desired to let his â€Å"wrath may burn hot against them and [he] may consume them.† (Ex. 32:10) Moses protected his people by reminding God of his promise to Abraham, Jacob, and Isaac. Showing mercy to the sinners,Show MoreRelatedTheology And Pastoral Leadership : Theology Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesin the article that pastoral leadership is a metaphor for all of the church s leadership which includes the laity. The church is led by pastors, deacons, and some laity that all work together to be ministers of the gospel in the world. Personal Reflection From this article, I gained a greater understanding of the practical application of theology in leadership. The author makes the points that it is a mistake to believe that the more something is theological makes it less practical. From the timeRead MoreBlack Boy And The Grapes Of Wrath Analysis1728 Words   |  7 PagesOne writer is Kelly Crockett, who posits a positive reading of religion in The Grapes of Wrath. In her essay, she identifies a slew of biblical allusions, and argues that Steinbeck uses them to add depth to his narrative, which is visible through reflection and multiple readings. Moreover, two of her readings on biblical allusions, counter this paper’s readings: â€Å"Plainly, Steinbeck has made the Joads representative of the American pioneer and, by investing them and their story with biblical elementsRead MoreEssay on The Old Testament Law1260 Words   |  6 PagesChristians today. Author J. Daniel Hays expounds on this topic in his article, â€Å"Apply ing the Old Testament Law Today,† and focuses on the method of Principlism. This approach allows the Old Testament Law to be viewed in light of the New Testament. Reflection of Principlism The traditional approach to the Mosaic Law is categorized by moral, civil, and ceremonial laws. Hays postulates this approach is not correct as it has three major weaknesses: it has no textual support, it ignores the narrativeRead MoreLion King Allusion Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pageshyenas he sent after him had killed him), meets Simba, and guides him to a ghostly apparition of Mufasa, who is in the clouds, which tells Simba to â€Å"remember who he is†. The scene where Simba talks to Mufasa resembles another scene in the Book of Exodus when God talked to Moses (who similarly was framed for a murder he did not commit and fled from his home of Egypt) through a burning bush to tell him to return to Egypt and save it (as a side note when reading this quote, â€Å"Yahweh† is one of God’sRead MoreGrapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck640 Words   |  3 PagesJoad just go out of prison, on parole, for killing a man. And upon returning home, found that the lands have been expropriated by a strong company. It is tells for the only survivor, who stubbornly stay gone crazy. The Joad family begins the exodus from Oklahoma to California. Thus, Tom found his own and march together in an old van, packed with people and objects. It is an odyssey into â€Å"the promised land†, in which on the way, the grandparents die while the family is staying in miserableRead MoreChristian Service Reflection Paper729 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Leveratto May 26, 2012 Scripture: Christian Service Reflection Paper Through the course of five weeks I have tutored a third grader by the name of Willy one hour each Thursday. Willy is a high-spirited kid who loves to learn. He goes to a school named Corpus Christi, a school I spent my sixth through eighth grade years at, and is also the organization I volunteered for. 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At the beginning of The Dark KnightRead MoreReflections Paper1552 Words   |  7 PagesComfort and Gods Glory Ray Kirby Liberty University In the decision to discuss two topics included within this reflection paper I have been led to discuss two doctrines that are close to all Christians. The comfort of God and the glory of God are the two doctrines that I have focused on over the last several weeks. The comfort of God has touched me at times over the course of my life however, never as much as it has over the last year. I wish to praise the glory of God as directed within

Consumer Behavior for Group and Interpersonal -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Group and Interpersonal. Answer: External influences Group and Interpersonal influence Reference groups are considered of the segment that helps in providing significant relevance on the consumers and the impact is assessed by the behavior, evaluations and aspirations of the consumers. These groups help in influencing the ways in which the consumers can look for and receive their values for the consumption of the product. It can be seen that most of the customers who are most 35 years of age have covered themselves under the life insurances that will provide them with the group schemes along with super funds (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best 2013). This will help the other customers who are between this particular age group to take up the life insurance plans, as the customers who are already covered in this scheme will help in explaining it in a better way to the other people. The word of mouth policy can help the insurance companies in insuring the customers who are not covered under any plan. Therefore, the influence of the reference groups helps in creating a positive impact on the customers who are yet to approach the life insurance companies for taking up a plan (Oliver 2013). Role of Situational influences The marketers have to identify the factors that will help in attracting the customers towards the product. The factors of culture have to be studied in a proper manner by the marketers, as it is one of the important aspects that help the society in influencing the behavior of the consumers. The cultures of the society constitute of different religions and nationalities, which will help the marketers in selling their products in a better manner. An example of this would be that the marketers can help in designing the products according the tastes and preferences of the reference groups, which will help in attracting more number of consumers (Cohen, Prayag and Moital 2014). The social factors such as the influence of the family needs to be taken in to consideration as well, as the marketers will be able to evaluate the product in a better manner with respect to the roles that the husbands, parents and wives play. The decision to purchase a particular product can be influenced by one of the members of the family, which will help in purchasing of the product (Rani 2014). The marketers need to capitalize on the personal factors of the customers as well such as the lifestyle of the consumers, age and the economic background of the people. the behavior of the consumers are influenced to a great extent, as it will help the consumers in purchasing the services and the goods with the availability of the time. The different cycles of life such as single, unmarried and married people will help the marketers in developing the products in an efficient manner so that it can help in attracting the customers (Lantos 2015). The occupation of the people helps in determining the economic background and the capacity that they have in purchasing the products that are being offered by the marketers. An example of this would be the high and low income group of people respectively, for whom the products have to be designed by the marketers according to their financial conditions. The lifestyle of the customers is also a way of identifying the potential behavior of the consumers, as it helps in determining the society in which the consumers are living. It can be expressed with respect to the surrounding environment of the customers, which will help the marketers in assessing the products that will help in attracting the customers (Muruganatham and Bhakat 2013). Culture and sub-culture Schwartz 10 core values The values that are presented by Schwartz are the motivational goals that help the humans in identifying their basic needs so that the actions can be coordinated in a better manner, which will help the individuals in prioritizing their needs. The values are as follows: Benevolence- The target market of the MLC Life Insurance are the people who are between the age group of 30-39 years and are expected to start a family. This core value will help in the enhancement and preservation of the people with whom the individuals maintain frequent contacts such as their family. Most of the target market that has been identified by the company has started their family or are about to start their family, which will make them responsible for their future (Schwartz et al. 2014). Universalism- The consumers are tolerant and help in the protection of the welfare of the people, as they are raising their own family or are expecting to raise a family. This will help the customers in caring about their surrounding people and the environment. Self-direction- Most of the consumers will have a though process that is pertaining to their independent thoughts about their own family so that they can choose and create their own goals. This will help the marketers in assessing and evaluating the products in a better manner so that the decisions that are taken by the families can be independent in nature. Security- The consumers will be looking for security, as they are willing to settle down as a family. The social as well the family security will increase for the customers when they will purchase the insurance policies from the company, which will help in covering their damages. The planning of the future will be done in a secured manner so that it will help the families to live in a controlled environment (Schwartz 2013). Conformity- The start of the family by the consumers will restrict them from leading the lives that they used to in the previous situations, as it may result in harming the surrounding people due to the violation of the rules within the society. As most of the customers of the target market are obedient and disciplined, it will help in selling of the products of the company. Hedonism- The range of the target market that is the consumers for the life insurance company needs to enjoy their life without any hesitation. The consumers need to indulge themselves in different activities so that they can enjoy their life. Achievement- The families of the target market will help the individuals in achieving their goals in the short run so that it can help them in the future. It will help in making the individuals ambitious and capable so that they can influence the society in a better way. this will help the consumers in planning their future in a better manner so that they can secure it for their next generation. Tradition- The consumers will be familiar with the customs and the rituals that are followed in their homely environment so that they can mutually respect the culture and religion of other people as well. Stimulation- The stimulation needs to be provided by other members in the society in purchasing the product, as they will be able to benefit from the product or the service. It helps the consumers in dealing with their challenges in a normal manner in their regular lives. Power- The status of the consumers in the society and the control that they have over the resources and the people will help them in being recognized within the society. The power to influence the people will help the individual in getting better control over the society (Griskevicius and Kenrick 2013). The target market for the company will be covered under the core values as opined by Schwartz because most of the customers want value for their money, which will help the insurance company in designing the products according to the tastes and preferences of the customers. The society that the company will cater to is between the ages of 30-39 years and is expecting a child or already has a sibling. They are full time employees of various companies and the income of the entire household is less than $80,000. The attitudes of the target market are that they have a balance between their work and life and have an idea about the insurance market. These people have a planned future, which will help them progressing in a better manner. The consumers are conscious about the price, as they want the products that will help in yielding value for the price that they pay (Claiborne and Sirgy 2015). The target market have all the values imbibed within themselves, as they are about to start a family. This will help them in increasing the social responsibility within the society so that they can lead a better life. Since they belong to the middle income group, they will try to save for their future by investing in the life insurance plan and make their future secure. The product will appeal to the specific target market because most of the consumers are settling down in their lives, which will help in selling out of the plans. The target market will be willing to purchase the product, as they need to a clear idea about the product that will be circulated in the insurance market. This will help in increasing the level of consciousness among the customers with respect to the product (Mullen and Johnson 2013). Needs and Motives The service that will be provided by the insurance company is available on a ready basis, as it will help the marketers in making the consumers understand about the product. The process of consumption for the consumers will be based on the perception that they have regarding the product issued by the company. The product is then sensed by the consumers, which allows them to understand the viability of the product along with the future need of it. The second stage is the cognitive organizing that helps the consumers in assembling the information of the product in their brains so that it can be recognized in a better manner. Cognitive refers to the process of thinking that is done by the individuals. The stimulus of the consumers will help them in gaining a better insight about the quality of the product so that they are willing to purchase it (Cantallops and Salvi 2014). The theory of hierarchical needs by Maslow can be distinguished by the psychological needs, which are the basic needs of the consumers such as the food, air and clothes that will help them in living in the society in a proper manner. The safety needs are inclusive of the physical and the environmental safety of the consumers so that they can lead a better life. The safety and security that will be provided to the consumers will help them in securing their future in a proper way by investing their income in the right processes. The insurance that will be taken up will help the consumers in securing their future with that of the present, which will give them protection during the time of emergencies or accidents (Lades 2014). The social needs of the consumers will help the consumers in being tied with their close ones and acquire the affection and love for them, which will help them in creating a sense of belongingness. The esteem needs of the consumers helps the consumers in earning self respect and competence in an external manner, which leads to the recognition of the consumers on an external manner. The manner in which the individuals will lead their lives will help them in being recognized within the society. The need of self-actualization helps the consumers in becoming potential for growing within the community or the society where the individual resides. It will help the consumers in gaining more knowledge and accessing more information about the product so that they can sense the benefit of purchasing it (Nwachukwu and Dant 2015). Strategic implication The marketers need to adopt new strategies for the modern era so that it can help in affecting the behavior and the attitudes of the consumers. The marketers need to analyze the taste and preferences of the consumers in the changing time so that the product can be developed in a modern manner. The marketers need to analyze the target segment and decide on the variations that will be made available for the product so that it can help in attracting the customers. They need to come up with different solutions that will help in selling of the product in an easy manner. The channels of distribution need to be evaluated by the marketer so that it will act as an incentive in attracting the customers towards its products. The marketer needs to analyze the online channel as well, which will make it easy for the consumers in accessing the product provided by the company (Rani 2014). Reasoning versus operant conditioning The concept of reasoning helps the individuals in restructuring the process of thinking so that it can help in recombining the information that is present along with the new information that will help the individual in forming new concepts and associations. However, the operant conditioning concept is the response that allows the individual in repeating the same task in the same situation in the near future. The consumers will likely be taking up the insurance policies over a repeated manner if they find that it is suitable for them and will try to make the other members repeat the process. They will firstly try to analyze the information about the policies so that they can have a better knowledge regarding it and will repeat the action over a period to use the benefit that is derived from the policy (Claiborne and Sirgy 2015). Marketing strategy The marketers need to analyze the market segment and gather all the information so that they can design the product in an organized manner. The product has to be understood by the target segment so that they can purchase it. The price needs to be justified for the target segment, as it will help in selling of the product in an easy manner, which will help in increasing the profit of the company. The product needs to be promoted through the various media platforms so that the details about the product can be communicated among the target segment in a proper manner. The use of online and print media will help in promoting the product in a better manner, which in turn will help the consumers in getting attracted towards it (Mullen and Johnson 2013). Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that the marketers of the life insurance company needs to analyze the market for the given target segment in a proper manner so that it can help in selling out of the product. The reasoning and the operant conditioning will help the consumers in analyzing the product before they can purchase it so that the task can be repeated continuously among the different members of the family as well. The theory suggested by Maslow will help the consumers in specifying its needs by the consumers according to the level of importance. Reference List Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., 2014. New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp.41-51. Claiborne, C.B. and Sirgy, M.J., 2015. Self-image congruence as a model of consumer attitude formation and behavior: A conceptual review and guide for future research. InProceedings of the 1990 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference(pp. 1-7). Springer, Cham. Cohen, S.A., Prayag, G. and Moital, M., 2014. Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), pp.872-909. Griskevicius, V. and Kenrick, D.T., 2013. Fundamental motives: How evolutionary needs influence consumer behavior.Journal of Consumer Psychology,23(3), pp.372-386. Hawkins, D.I., Mothersbaugh, D.L. and Best, R.J., 2013.Consumer behavior: Building marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Lades, L.K., 2014. Impulsive consumption and reflexive thought: Nudging ethical consumer behavior.Journal of Economic Psychology,41, pp.114-128. Lantos, G.P., 2015.Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Mullen, B. and Johnson, C., 2013.The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Muruganantham, G. and Bhakat, R.S., 2013. A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), p.149. Nwachukwu, S.L. and Dant, R.P., 2015. Consumer Culture in Developing Economies: Is it Really So Different?. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 35-40). Springer, Cham. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Rani, P., 2014. Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), pp.52-61. Schwartz, S., 2013, May. Value priorities and behavior: Applying. InThe psychology of values: The Ontario symposium(Vol. 8). Schwartz, S.H., Caprara, G.V., Vecchione, M., Bain, P., Bianchi, G., Caprara, M.G., Cieciuch, J., Kirmanoglu, H., Baslevent, C., Lnnqvist, J.E. and Mamali, C., 2014. Basic personal values underlie and give coherence to political values: A cross national study in 15 countries.Political Behavior,36(4), pp.899-930.

Parent Trap free essay sample

Disney films I ever saw that was not an animation. It came out in 1998 as a remake of the 1961 Disney classic. I was 12 years old when I saw it so I was probably the target audience of this rather typical Disney film. However, it is a more family-oriented film than other Disney creations that are usually more children-focused. It is a decent movie for a family to lightly watch although the plot is rather unrealistic, to say the least, and childish at times. It is considered as Lindsay Lohan’s debut movie, managing to pull off dual roles as both of the identical twins. They could have gotten real twins for the roles of the girls, since Lindsay Lohan wasnt a box office attraction (at this point in her career), but the movie would not necessarily been better in my opinion. The viewer could honestly not tell there really weren’t two Lohans whenever â€Å"they† appeared on screen together, thumbs up to the visual effects department. We will write a custom essay sample on Parent Trap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Combined with appearances of body doubles at times and timed reaction shots, it can be confusing for younger audiences to believe that it was only one actress. We also cannot overlook how Lindsay Lohan did an excellent job of portraying these seemingly identical yet very different girls. The characteristics of the girls and the situation going on in the film (girls pretending to be each other and going back as the other to their parents) gave the young actress a challenge as to whether she could adapt to such an in-depth role or more appropriately, role’s’. The film is rather childish as mentioned above, but nonetheless, it has that sweet Disney atmosphere that is so attractive to the younger generation. Somehow, Parent Trap is just the right blend of comedy to win the children over and intelligent plot with rich, memorable characters. The movie fluctuates from the sweet to the slapstick without becoming cringingly overboard. For me, Parent Trap had two dimensions: the fun, exhilarating mischief of the twins and the romance of the parents. I was riveted throughout the movie at the outrageous things that these twins did to thwart each other at first and later, to get rid of the gold-digger trying to marry their father. Their schemes were creative, perfectly executed, and basically the dream of any young kids watching the film. As for the romance, it was not your typical young, fiery love that is so popular in Hollywood. These characters had been divorced for many years and they had not seen each other for a very long time. Yet it was evident that they still had feelings for each other when they met again after all those years. The actors did a great job of creating such a wistful, lingering atmosphere with their gestures and gazes. There were a couple of phrases and words in the film I was not familiar with. When the girls were playing poker, one of them got a ‘royal flush’ but I was not sure what that was. I looked it up and found out that a royal flush consists of the five highest cards of one suit, ranked as the highest hand in poker. Also when the mother was drunk for the first time in years, the girls said she was ‘zonked’. It is a slang that means somebody is stunned or intoxicated with drugs/ alcohol. Parent Trap is one of my favorite movies to turn to when I am feeling down. In fact, I have watched it at least eight times or so. Yet it never gets tiring because the film has that warm atmosphere that reminds me of family and friends. I would probably turn to it in the future as well even when I am older, because I would still be able to relate and connect with the film.